نشریه انسان و محیط زیست
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 67، زمستان 1402)

Uncontrolled urban expansion leads to fragmentation and isolation of native vegetation that are surrounded by built environment. Nevertheless, urban green patches with suitable condition are still able to serve as a connected network to support biological diversity and enhance the ecological functioning of landscape. This research aims to study the value of green spaces, in maintenance of connectivity of the urban green network of Ahvaz and applying the results in urben green patches planning.

The method is through modelling and studying the case study of ahvaz metropolis. Also the landscape ecological approach and a network analysis is used. To determine a network, all green patches in Ahvaz landscape, both in the public and private were incorporated due to their habitat values in nesting native animal species. Landscape network is modelled based on Graph Theory and using IIC metric and the network connectivity and the importance of nodes were assessed. Also, patches are prioritized based on their importance.

Resaults revealed the largest patches are of higher priority that are the farms in 4th and 5th district and a large urban park in 3rd district. Indeed, the most valuable patches are located in a linear pattern along the river path.

Accurate identification of ecological valuable patches assist the targeted increases in per capita green space and suitable distribution of green spaces within the city of Ahvaz, in particular, those districts that suffer from the low per capita of green patches, which leads to effective enhancement and conservation of most important green spaces.

Sustainable urban landscapes affect the psychological well-being of citizens, and the characteristics of the sustainable landscape in the context of ecological parks are very important due to the citizens' welcome to the parks while protecting native plant and wildlife species and promoting human values and vitality in a recreational environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of eco-park indicators on sustainable urban landscapes..

This research is analytical-descriptive with a practical purpose and a statistical population. According to the target group of experts in the field of landscape and green space in Mashhad, 28 people have been selected by the counting method. Prioritization of research variables and significant relationships between them were performed by a T-test with SPSS software and Smart PLS.The indicators of eco-parks in these parks are poorly evaluated, and these two parks still face construction challenges in the natural texture of the mountains, but the indicators have a higher score than the mountain park due to the use of a less intact mountainous area and more citizens' knowledge of Sun Park.

Eco-park indicators are effective in sustainable urban landscapes. Among the various factors, environmental and functional factors have a higher score, and a component of ecological integration means maintaining a stable and diverse structure of different species with a higher score among environmental factors.

Dry anaerobic digestion is a cost-effective method to purify and recover agricultural waste. Agricultural production statistics (over 128 million tonnes in 2019-2020) and its consequent high waste production (38 million tonnes per year) indicate the need for optimal disposal of this biomass. The purpose of article is identification and compare dry anaerobic digesters for optimal management of agricultural waste disposal in Iran.

This article is the result of several internal and foreign online sources: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, and publishers Elsevier, Springer, Frontiers, and Civilica with the keywords of agricultural waste, biogas, and dry anaerobic digestion.

The results of the study show that good performance, low-cost energy, and maintenance are the benefits of mesophilic temperature conditions in dry anaerobic plants. Hydraulic retention times varied from 20 to 35 days, with mean total solids above 15% and mean methane percent at 55%. Batch digesters are a relatively simple and acceptable technology for disposal of agricultural waste but sustainability of biogas supply can be easier with continuous reactors, despite the high need for maintenance and management.

This technology, for its efficiency and flexibility, is essential for the high utilization of agricultural waste, and sustainable development of biogas. Appropriate technology to increase biogas productivity is suggested, by considering geographical features, production tonnage, and characteristics of agricultural waste. The batch anaerobic process in provinces of Iran that have smaller-scale agricultural activities is more effective than continuous digestion.

In terms of meaning, green sustainable development, global partnership for the continuity and dynamics of economic growth; Social justice and preservation and renewal of environmental capacities shines not only for the present but also for future generations and shows a kind of comprehensive view and commitment of all to improve the common future of mankind in all fields such as rural green businesses. The purpose of this research is Appraisal the quality of the gap between the current situation and the desired sustainability of industrial marketing of rural green businesses.

In this research, factors and components were identified by Delphi method with the participation of 10 specialized experts in the field of rural businesses, and then the indicators were categorized using the PESTEL method. Then, the gap quality between the current and desired conditions was drawn and the factors and indicators were ranked through the IP matrix.

The findings of the research showed that legal, economic and technological factors respectively play the greatest role in the gap in the status of rural businesses. Also, among the components, social security laws for home businesses, guaranteeing government agencies, and integrated mentality of electronic businesses, liquidity, water supply and investment respectively had a greater impact on creating a gap. The IP matrix showed that there are 14 components with high performance and importance that should be continued.

The obtained results are an indication of the fact that rural development policies should include the contribution of agriculture, both in order to improve farm activities and in support of ancillary services, to ensure sustainable development in order to promote green businesses in the regions. Use rural. Therefore, the policy makers of this field should codify flexible laws in the field of agricultural reforms so that rural development in the field of green business is the basis for the social and political stability of these areas in the country.

Among the decisions, strategic decision-making is considered as the most valid, because such decisions are aimed at the future and the highest goal of the organization and due to the long term, they are adopted in conditions of lack of collective memory and with uncertain knowledge. In fact, the success or failure of any organization depends a lot on the strategic decisions of senior managers in that organization. Empirical findings and analyzes emphasize that strategic decisions are very important due to the effect of guiding and guiding organizational behaviors. Today, strategic decision-making is very important to prevent the spread of environmental disasters and the extinction of certain species of wildlife. The purpose of this research is to investigate strategic decision-making in the field of biodiversity and protection of the endangered Asiatic cheetah.

The philosophy of this research is positivism with an inductive approach. In terms of the nature of research is qualitative and descriptive-analytical and chosen from the branch of case study. The method of qualitative data analysis in this research was by searching the literature, reviewing various texts and writings, consulting with professors and experts, the data was collected and analyzed based on observation, and conclusions were drawn from the results in future decisions and plans

Currently, there are only a few of them in Iran and in scattered habitats, and dealing with its extinction has become a national and international challenge.

Based on the results of the research, the decision taken led to the reproduction of this type of wildlife in captivity and the strategic decisions of the organization will be effective to improve the conditions. It is necessary to use strategic information in the decision-making process of the environment. Lack of strategic information Decision makers of such wildlife cannot gain an understanding of the problem at hand and draw a clear picture of an alternative solution. In this case, it was not possible to make the right choice among these solutions, and the implementation of the final option faced serious problems and challenges. In this regard, timely strategic decisions prevent damage to this endangered species, which is at the top of the food chain pyramid, and preserve the genetics of this valuable species.

as environmental issues become more important in recent years, most banks are trying to achieve not only their economic goals, but also minimize the environmental damage by proper planning and application of appropriate methods. Hence, the concept of green banking has emerged in the banking system with the aim of protecting the environment and sustainable development. Due to the importance of the issue, in the present article, the impact of green banking measures on the environmental performance of the bank has been investigated.

the present study is a cross-sectional survey in terms of practical purpose and method and time frame of data collection. The statistical population of this study is the experts of state-owned banks in Khorramabad city, of which 242 people were selected as a sample using random sampling method. In this study, a standard questionnaire was used, the validity of which was validated through content validity and construct validity. Cronbach's alpha value and combined reliability of all dimensions of the larger questionnaire were obtained from 0.7. Which is approved. the collected data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL statistical software.

Findings indicate that green banking practices include: daily actions, customer oriented activities and bank’s policy have a significant impact on the environmental performance of the bank.

according to research finding, it has been conclouded that green banking in governmental banks in Khortamabad conty has positive impact on environmental performance.

DThe present study was conducted with the aim of modeling energy consumption in the main building of Tehran Municipality, District 5, and in order to determine the type and manner of energy consumption. Design Builder software was used for modeling. The four modeling scenarios were the current state, the use of a movable canopy, the use of a photovoltaic panel, and the combined state. The results showed that the penetration air load coefficient is equal to 3132.5 W/K. Most of the heat received from the sun's heat comes from incoming radiation from the windows of the building. Red and blue are also related to the perceived load of heating and cooling of the building. The highest heat dissipation in cold seasons is related to the roof and glass of the building. Brightness is 54% of the points in the standard range, 2% of the points have more brightness than the standard and 44% of the points have less than the standard brightness. As can be deduced from the available results, the lighting condition (based on the installed capacity per unit area) of this building is higher than the world standards, which can be reduced to some extent without affecting the indoor comfort conditions. According to studies, the shortcomings of the building are significant from an energy perspective. So that the average heat transfer coefficient of the walls is 2.5 times the standard value of topic 19 and the average heat transfer coefficient of the windows is 1.7 times the standard value of topic 19. Also, the average ceiling heat transfer coefficient is 2.2 times the standard value of topic 19. By using smart canopies, the cooling and heating energy has been reduced by 12% compared to the building in the ground state. On the other hand, based on the modeling, it is determined that the total electricity consumption of the building during a year is 1074146 kWh that the panels can produce 88437 kWh during the year. Accordingly, the panels are capable of generating 15/3% of the building's electricity needs.

Drought is an inevitable phenomenon known as a natural disaster. Iran has not been immune to this damage in history.

The purpose of this study is to identify drought management and thus provide solutions to drought management. At first, individual, social, economic, educational, technical and policy indicators were surveyed in villages of Ardakan city with the highest drought. The statistical population of this research is Ardakan farmers (N=3130), of which 418 samples were collected by Cochran sampling method for collecting information through a questionnaire. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and for its reliability, the preliminary test was confirmed by completing 30 questionnaires and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for its different parts was calculated to be between 0.702 and 0.805.

The results of stepwise regression analysis indicate that social and cultural indicators explain 46.1 percent of variance dependent changes (drought management) and have been considered as the most influential indicator in this research.

In the field of social and cultural indicators in the direction of drought management, it is suggested that by promoting the culture of using water and using cultural and promotional tools during drought among farmers and also providing conditions for providing better drought management information to the villagers Help manage the drought as best as possible through communication channels.

Universities and industries play a role in the environmental environment. For this reason, with the help of similar industry standards, they should become a safe haven for human health.

The aim of this study was to identify environmental factors and factors and prioritize them, to identify a set of key factors in the implementation of environmental management system in universities.

Using the opinion of experts, 5 main indicators and 26 sub indicators were identified and pairwise comparison questionnaire was designed. The statistical population of the present study includes 15 university experts with a doctorate in the field of environment. Which were targeted non-randomly. Also, to answer the hypotheses and calculate the weights, AHP method and Expert choice software have been used.

After analyzing the data, the hypotheses "Energy saving and air reduction are factors on EMS","University policy and management review are factors on EMS", " Criteria are factors affecting EMS". "The environmental management system in universities has different ranking "and" sub-qualities of education and culture in the environmental management system in universities have different priorities. "The results of this study show that" the allocation of funds And "budget","infrastructure", "education and culture", "improving the improvement of the environment "and" buildings and environment" to implement the environment the management system, respectively have priority.

In recent years, Hystrix indica as the biggest rodent in Iran has been in conflict with humans regarding the destruction of gardens and agricultural products, and the population of this species has been decreased due to illegal hunting and the use of pesticides and chemical poisons. Meanwhile there is not effective information which provide the possibility of developing a management and conservation plan for this species, so the aim of this study is to investigate the structure and genetic diversity of Hystrix indica in Fars province habitats.

15 quill and tissue samples of this species were collected in the Fars province habitats. After DNA extraction, mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was amplified in 13 samples by polymerase chain reaction and 912 nucleotide pairs of this gene were sequenced and edited for each sample.

Based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Phylogenetic Tree, all the studied samples are related to the same clade and belong to Hystrix indica species. Among the studied samples, only two different haplotypes were identified and the haplotype diversity was equal to 0.282 and the nucleotide diversity was estimated to be 0.00029.

the results showed that haplotype diversity of Hystrix indica is low in Fars province, so it is suggested to avoid further environmental crises like disruption of its food chain, while conducting demographic studies in order to develop a conservation and management plan for this species.